Wool production in South America is a traditional activity deeply rooted in the culture and history of Andean communities. Sheep farming, introduced by the Spanish during colonization in the 16th century, rapidly spread through the mountainous regions, where the cool climate and high altitude are ideal for raising wool-producing livestock. Over the centuries, wool has become a fundamental resource for rural populations, primarily used for creating garments such as ponchos (ruanas), scarves, and blankets.

Wool production in Colombia still largely follows traditional methods. The process begins with shearing the sheep, generally carried out once or twice a year. The raw wool is then washed to remove impurities such as dirt and natural grease (lanolin). Once clean, the wool is carded to separate and align the fibers, preparing them for spinning.

Spinning is often done by hand using spindles or spinning wheels, creating yarns of varying thickness and consistency. The yarns can be dyed with natural or synthetic dyes, depending on local preferences. Finally, the yarns are woven on traditional horizontal or vertical looms, or knitted with needles, to create various textile products.

Wool has played an important role in the history and economy of Colombian Andean communities. During the colonial period, wool textiles were a valuable commodity, used not only for local trade but also to meet the demands of Spanish settlers. Over time, the art of wool craftsmanship has become an essential part of the cultural identity of mountain communities.